Acne blemishes are a result of overproduction of facial oil, called sebum, but there are methods that can help eliminate them. When dirt and dead skin cells block your pores, sebum cannot flow freely along your hair follicles to the surface of your skin. The result is an outbreak of blackheads and whiteheads. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, the most common locations for blackheads and whiteheads are the face, chest, neck, shoulders and back.
Benzoyl Peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide is a common active ingredient in over-the-counter acne medications. Available in varying strengths, benzoyl peroxide can be found in cleansers, medicated pads, spot treatments, creams and gels. It can take up to six weeks to see results from using benzoyl peroxide, which may increase the temptation to overwash your skin or apply too much cream or gel. Because benzoyl peroxide can be highly drying and irritating to your skin, it is important to be patient, use the medication as directed and give it time to work.
Salicylic Acid
Derived from the bark of the willow tree, salicylic acid often is the active ingredient in over-the-counter acne treatments that do not contain benzoyl peroxide. Like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid comes in cleansers, creams and gels. Because it has a mild exfoliating effect, it also is the active ingredient in some chemical peels. Salicylic acid peels have a greater concentration of the active ingredient than cleansers and treatment creams. The exfoliating effect unclogs your pores, which can help prevent the formation of future blemishes.
Retinoids
If you visit a dermatologist for treatment of blackheads and whiteheads, he may prescribe a retinoid medication. According to dermatologist Jeffrey Ellis, retinoids are one of the few topical medications that can prevent new pimples from forming. The most common of these Vitamin A derivatives is tretinoin, which is available as a generic. Retinoids may be used alone or in combination with topical or oral antibiotics. Because they increase sun sensitivity, it is important to stay out of the sun or use high-SPF sunscreen when treating your skin with retinoids.
Home Remedies
A number of home remedies exist for those who wish to treat blackheads and whiteheads without harsh chemicals. Baking soda and oatmeal help to absorb oil and exfoliate your skin. Mix them with enough water to form a paste and use them as facial scrubs. Lemon, tomato and lime juice act as astringent toners. Home spot treatments include baking soda paste, calamine lotion, plain white toothpaste and crushed aspirin tablets mixed with water and honey.
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