Allergy to peanuts is a common form of food allergy that can produce a wide variety of symptoms. The most extreme symptoms can include life-threatening anaphylactic shock, but less severe symptoms such as nausea and shortness of breath are more common. One typical sign of an allergy to peanuts is a rash.
Causes of Peanut Allergy
Like all allergic reactions, an allergic reaction to peanuts results from an abnormal reaction by the body's immune system. When the immune system of a person with a peanut allergy detects the presence of certain proteins present in peanuts, it misidentifies them as harmful substances. The immune system releases immunoglobulin E--IgE--an antibody that stimulates the production of histamine. Elevated levels of histamine in the bloodstream cause a variety of symptoms, including but not limited to rashes.
Peanut Rashes
Rashes are a common symptom of peanut allergy. The appearances of these rashes can vary. Some allergic reactions to peanuts manifest as eczema, a rash that consists of areas of red, irritated, flaking skin. This type of rash is also known as atopic dermatitis. Other peanut allergy rashes take the form of hives, raised groups of welts. A strong itching sensation can accompany either type of rash. In severe cases, the rash can cover the entire body.
Treating Rashes
For most people with peanut allergies, the simplest solution is to carefully avoid foods containing peanuts, as well as being alert for possible cross-contamination. When an allergic reaction occurs, oral antihistamines can reduce the level of histamine in the body, lessening the reaction. Topical hydrocortisone creams can also lessen the itching, redness and inflammation of skin rashes. As with many food allergies, allergic reactions to peanuts can sometimes lessen or even disappear as the individual ages.
Anaphylaxis
Symptoms such as hives, eczema and wheezing can be frightening and uncomfortable. However, some individuals with peanut allergies suffer a much more extreme reaction called anaphylaxis. In this reaction, the normal allergic reaction is so severe that it causes a powerful response throughout the entire body. The rash found in milder reactions may cover large areas of the body. Swelling may block the victim's airway, causing suffocation. Other possible dangers include cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. Unless a person suffering anaphylaxis receives prompt medical attention, he may die.
