Despite the fact that exercise often reduces many of the normal discomforts of pregnancy and may facilitate a smoother delivery, researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that less than 25 percent of expectant women get the recommended amount of exercise. Anxiety about the potential effects on the baby presents a significant stumbling block for many women. However, in a normal, low-risk pregnancy, moderate exercise is often more beneficial to your baby than remaining sedentary. Discuss your plans with your doctor to personalize a program that maximizes the benefits and reduces the risks for both of you.
Moderate Exercise
Not only is moderate exercise not associated with miscarriage or preterm labor in low-risk pregnancies, but it may have a positive affect on your baby. For example, a 2009 study presented at the American Physiological Society found that moderate exercise had a positive effect on fetal nervous system development. Sedentary mothers also run greater risk of low-birth weight babies than their moderately exercising counterparts.
Strenuous Exercise
Even in a low-risk pregnancy, strenuous exercise can pose a risk to your baby. Exercising past the point where you can talk easily can trigger contractions and has been linked with birth defects. Jerky movements, such as those used in high-impact aerobics, can increase your chances of preterm labor by weakening your pelvic floor.
Oxygen Levels
One of the most important exercise concerns is maintaining sufficient oxygen levels for your baby. If you are accustomed to regular exercise, your body has likely adapted to increasing your oxygen supply during exertion; your baby will then probably get what she needs. However, if you are new to exercise, you should increase your activity levels gradually to ensure that your baby is never deprived of oxygen. A developing baby will stop moving when she doesn't have enough oxygen; monitor her movements during and after exercise. Discuss any changes with your doctor.
Risk of Injury
Pregnancy changes to your center of gravity reduce your balance and increase your likelihood of falls. Contact sports and sports such as gymnastics or ice skating should be avoided during pregnancy. Falls or pelvic injuries can damage your placenta, leading to premature birth. In addition, in the later stages of pregnancy, your baby is no longer protected by your pelvis; he is at risk of direct injuries from falls or blows.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Exercise's Effects on Other Conditions; 2011
- KidsHealth; Exercising During Pregnancy; November 2010
- IDEA Health and Fitness Association; The Pregnant Athlete; Lisa Druxman; June 2003
- The American Physiological Society; Exercise-Exposed Fetuses Have Improved Breathing Movements In Utero, A Marker For Healthy Development; April 2009
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; UNC Study: Few Women Get Enough Exercise During Pregnancy; March 2010
