Dermatologists often treat people with onychoschizia, a condition that describes nail splitting, soft or thin nails. Common among women, the problem is a nuisance for those who consider lengthy, perfectly polished nails an important feature. Although the condition often results from external factors, such as harsh weather and exposure to chemical irritants, in rare cases a nutritional deficiency is the cause.
Iron
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia, which results when low iron levels cause a deficiency in red blood cells. Pregnant women, vegetarians and people with certain medical conditions are most prone to iron deficiency anemia, and may experience headaches, difficulty concentrating and mood changes as a result. Cosmetic changes, such as pale skin and brittle nails are also common. With treatment, however, the outcome is good and blood counts return to normal within two months, according to MedlinePlus. For many people, treatments include taking iron supplements and eating iron-rich foods like red meat, poultry, beans, peas and peanut butter.
Biotin
Deficiencies in biotin, an important B vitamin, can lead to hair thinning, depression, a scaly facial rash and tingling in the arms and legs. Cigarette smoking sometimes leads to a mild biotin deficiency, in other cases extreme dieting or pregnancy are the cause. Since biotin helps strengthen the nails, even people who are not deficient use it to increase nail thickness. Is it generally safe for most people and is easily accessible over the counter.
Calcium
Adequate calcium intake is essential, helping to strengthen and support soft fingernails, teeth and bones. This is especially true for older women, because fingernails naturally weaken as you age and bones loss increases. Milk, yogurt and cheese are natural sources of calcium and white spots on the nails indicate you are not getting enough. Because women are less likely than men to get the recommended intakes of calcium from food, supplements are often helpful.
Considerations
Despite your best efforts to improve your nutrition, if your fingernails remain weak and your toenails are strong, external factors are the problem, according to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Simple fixes include wearing gloves to protect your nails from water and chemical cleaners, using acetone-free nail polish removers and wearing polishes that contain nylon fibers for added strength.
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