A kidney transplant is performed to treat end-stage kidney disease. The glomerular filtration rate, which determines the extent and stage of kidney disease, can tell a doctor how well the kidneys are working. After a transplant, several drugs must be taken to prevent the body’s rejection of the new organ. Steroids are one of these drugs and they have many side effects that create several nutritional considerations after a kidney transplant.
Carbohydrates and Sodium
Although carbohydrates provide fuel for your body’s functions and fluctuations in carbohydrate intake is regulated under normal circumstances, steroid medications can impair this process and lead to high blood sugar. The National Kidney Foundation recommends decreasing the amount of simple carbohydrates, such as sugar, sweets and soda, in your diet after a kidney transplant. Instead, choose more complex carbohydrates, such as pasta, unsweetened cereal and whole grains.
Steroids can also cause fluid retention. To help combat this, a low-sodium diet can help reduce the amount of fluid retained and reduce blood pressure. If your doctor advises a low-sodium diet, reduce your intake of cured meats, highly processed foods, some condiments and soups.
Potassium and Protein
As compared to the diet you must follow before a kidney transplant when your kidney function is severely compromised, the diet after a transplant is much more liberal. Additionally, in the short term after a transplant, a physician may deem some changes necessary, such as drinking an increased amount of water while your new kidney begins to function. Potassium, which is usually restricted before the transplant, is often liberalized as long as the new kidney is functioning well. Your doctor will determine if there is a need to modify your potassium intake. Compromised kidney function and medication side effects can alter blood levels of potassium, necessitating a modification in dietary intake. Protein helps to build muscles and repair damage in your body and a higher intake of protein is necessary after a transplant to help you heal from surgery. Therefore, you should increase protein-rich foods, such as meat, fish, eggs, poultry, beans and low-fat diary products.
Calcium, Phosphorus and Bone Health
Long-term kidney disease can result in impaired bone mineralization and some medications such as steroids carry a higher risk of osteoporosis. According to the Cleveland Clinic, bones are able to rebuild bone mass after a transplant and this can cause blood phosphorus levels to drop. Your doctor may prescribe a medication to supplement phosporus, and you may also increase your intake of phorphorus-containing foods such as low-fat diary products. The National Kidney Foundation recommends two servings a day from the dairy group, such as milk, yogurt and cheese, which contain phosphorus and calcium to keep bones healthy.
Cholesterol and Weight Gain
Two common problems for patients after a transplant are high cholesterol levels and weight gain, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Both medications and an improved appetite after the transplant can contribute to this. In general, limit high-fat foods and increase consumption of foods high in fiber, fresh fruits and vegetables. The American Heart Association recommends 4.5 cups of fruits and vegetables per day, at least three servings of whole grains per day, and no more than 36 ounces a week from sugar-sweetened beverages. Choose lean meats and low-fat dairy products to reduce calories while maintaining a healthy, satisfying diet.
Adopting a physical activity program increases muscle strength, bone health and can help control weight and cholesterol levels. Consult your physician to begin an appropriate program after a kidney transplant.
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