Necrotizing Fasciitis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Streptococcal pyogenes, also known as flesh-eating bacteria. Streptococcal pyogenes is normally found in the throat and on the skin. Life-threatening problems can occur, however, if the bacteria gets into parts of the body where it is not normally found, such as blood, muscle or lungs. Necrotizing fasciitis can occur if the bacteria enters the body through a break in the skin, such as a cut or minor scrape.
Signs and Symptoms
Once the bacteria enters the body, it quickly begins to break down the tissue. Blood flow is interrupted and results in tissue death. Signs of infection include skin discoloration and a bump at the affected site. The affected area may grow very quickly, in less than an hour. The skin may open up, and you may also notice drainage at the site. Other symptoms include feelings of malaise, fever, sweating, chills and nausea.
Risk Factors
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare disorder. According to the Centers for Disease Control, there are about 9,000 to 11,000 cases of Streptococcal bacterial infections in the United States each year. About 6 to 7 percent of those cases are Necrotizing fasciitis. Many people who come in contact with the bacteria that causes Necrotizing fasciitis may not be adversely affected. The bacteria can be extremely dangerous, however, for those with a weakened immune system, such as those with chronic diseases, those taking steroids, the elderly and adults with a history of alcohol or drug abuse.
Importance of Nutrition
Nutrition that supports the immune system and prevents infection is important in decreasing your risk of developing Necrotizing fasciitis. A well-balanced diet that is low in fat and includes fermented dairy products like yogurt and kefir supports a strong immune system. Some foods to include in a balanced diet are fruits and vegetables and fatty acids that come from oily fish and soy. Your diet should include all the essential vitamins and minerals, ideally from the foods you eat. Your doctor may prescribe a multivitamin if you are not getting adequate amounts from food.
Treatment
A person diagnosed with Necrotizing fasciitis would need to be hospitalized and closely monitored. Very strong antibiotics are administered intravenously. Surgery may be required to open and drain the affected area and remove dead tissue. Blood tests will be run to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection, to help the doctor prescribe the best antibiotic and to monitor disease progression. Death can occur quickly, so treatment is usually aggressive.
