An unsightly rash, blotches or hives on the skin are all indications of a possible allergic reaction. Skin allergies may result from either external or internal irritants. Your doctor can perform testing to determine the source of your condition. In the meantime, there are several steps you can take to soothe your irritated skin and reduce the chance of a recurrence.
Allergies and the Immune System
Allergies develop when the immune system identifies a harmless substance as a serious threat. These substances are known as allergens, and they include pollen, mold, dust, animal dander, latex and certain foods. The immune system produces antibodies to ward off the supposed invader, which results in a host of unpleasant symptoms. The exact cause of allergies is still unknown, but researchers believe that both genetics and environmental variables play a part.
Contact Allergies
A contact allergy occurs when a substance produces an allergic reaction after touching the skin. The reaction is typically characterized by skin discoloration, itching, burning, hives or localized swelling. Poison ivy is a well-known example of this kind of allergic reaction. Known technically as contact dermatitis, other potential triggers include latex, nickel, perfumes, dyes and cosmetic preservatives. Eczema is another allergy-induced skin condition typically seen on the face, knees and elbows. Food and drug allergies may also result in visible changes to the skin, usually in the form of hives, redness and swelling. A food or drug allergy is often a serious medical condition in need of immediate treatment.
Diagnosing an Allergy
Your doctor or allergist can determine whether you suffer from allergies or another condition that just resembles an allergy. A family history of allergies offers circumstantial evidence that you may have some level of allergic sensitivity. Skin testing gauges your immune response to potential allergens, providing painless and fast results. If your allergist fears a serious reaction to a skin test, then blood testing provides a safe alternative. Once the allergist confirms your diagnosis, she can recommend a course of treatment to manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.
Treatment Options
The first line of defense against allergies is in avoiding them. If you know the exact substances which trigger a skin reaction, simply remove them from your home. Read labels on household products and cosmetics, and avoid those which contain allergy-inducing ingredients. For minor or moderate symptoms, over-the-counter antihistamines may control flare-ups of skin discoloration. More severe allergies call for prescription-strength drugs like corticosteroids. When medications fail to manage the worst symptoms, allergy shots may be necessary to reduce sensitivity.
