An allergic reaction is the body's protective response to a foreign agent. People can be allergic to nearly anything, and an allergic response may not appear the first time a person is exposed to a substance, according to the healthcare provider Cigna. A first-time allergy sufferer may not understand what is happening, especially when the reaction is severe. Knowing how to spot the signs of a severe allergic reaction can save your life.
Hives
Hives -- especially for infants and children -- are a common first sign of allergies. Typically, it is unnecessary to seek medical attention for hives. No matter what body part is affected or how quickly the hives spread, hives typically are not a serious reaction to a stimulus. However, monitor the individual with hives for other symptoms. Following hives, schedule an appointment with a doctor or specialist to determine the cause of the allergic reaction if it is unknown. It is possible -- but uncommon -- to have mild reactions initially, but later have severe reactions.
Breathing Problems
A very serious symptom of allergies is the inability to breathe. This is characterized by wheezing, chest tightness, throat tightness and visible swelling of the face or mouth. This type of response is called anaphylactic shock. At the first sign of breathing difficulties, seek emergency medical attention. If the swelling or blocked airways are ignored, the individual can die. A doctor can create a plan for future exposure to the allergen; it may involve carrying an epinephrine injection, a fast-acting medication that can slow the allergic reaction while the individual is taken to the hospital.
Visible Symptoms
When an individual becomes extremely weak, lightheaded or very pale, seek medical attention. These symptoms could indicate shock or a decrease in blood pressure, according to Cigna. It is also possible for an individual to become unconscious from an allergic reaction and require medical attention. Other visible signs of swelling may not be as serious, states AskDrSears.com. If swelling is the only symptom, home treatment and monitoring should be sufficient.
Vomiting and Cramping
Abdominal cramps can accompany anaphylactic shock and warrant immediate medical attention. Vomiting, especially in children, can accompany the cramps and requires medical attention. If vomiting lasts a short while and no pain or other symptoms occur, it is safe to stay at home and monitor the situation instead of seeking medical attention. A scheduled doctor’s visit could help uncover clues about the reaction's source and can help determine whether a more serious reaction is possible in the future.
