Chemotherapy is often used as a treatment for colorectal cancer, and treatment regimens typically consist of a combination of drugs in order to be more effective. FOLFOX is one regimen for advanced colorectal cancer, and consists of the drugs 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin (FA, LV), and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin). Not everyone will experience all the possible side effects, and side effects may vary due to the dosage given and your general health.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
5-FU is a commonly used drug to treat colorectal cancers, and is more effective with leucovorin, so they are often combined in chemotherapy regimens, according to the American Cancer Society. Common side effects of this medication include sensitivity to sunlight, mouth sores, appetite loss, nausea and diarrhea. Hand-foot syndrome may also occur, which consists of pain and redness in the hands and feet and possible blistering.
Leucovorin (Folinic Acid, FA, LV)
Side effects from leucovorin are minor and tend to be rare, but this medication may exacerbate some side effects of 5-FU like mouth sores and diarrhea, according to the American Cancer Society. Some people have allergic reactions to this drug, including a skin rash, itching, flushing, chills and fever. Other side effects that are rare but have occurred include trouble breathing, chest pain, back pain, dizziness and swelling of the tongue or throat.
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
Common side effects of this drug include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, fatigue, stomach pain and difficulty breathing. Peripheral neuropathy may occur, which includes tingling, numbness, and "pins and needles" in the feet and hands. Other side effects that may occur with oxaliplatin are sensitivity to cold temperatures, problems swallowing and a lowered white blood cell and platelet count (which leads to a higher risk of infections and easy bruising/bleeding).
References
- American Cancer Society: Colon and Rectal Cancer: Chemotherapy
- American Cancer Society: Cancer Drug Guide
- "Handbook of Cancer Chemotherapy," Roland Skeel; 2007
