A healthy human gut supports an abundance of micro-organisms that digest our food and synthesize vitamins. These micro-organisms have a symbiotic relationship with our bodies, mutually beneficial to both parties. Without vital colonies of bacteria, unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms may result. When the benefits outweigh the risks, antibiotics can be lifesaving against harmful pathogens. Unfortunately, antibiotics also destroy helpful bacteria in our bodies. Probiotics encourage recolonization of the gut after antibiotic therapy.
Antibiotic Side Effects
Depending on the duration and potency of antibiotic treatments, effects on the gut vary from person to person. Diarrhea after antibiotics is common because with fewer bacteria on board, the gut is not able to break down food as efficiently. These symptoms usually clear up after a week or so, as the remaining bacteria increase in number. Bacteria in the gut also help absorb medications, such as birth control pills, and synthesize important vitamins, such as vitamin K. Low bacteria levels can temporarily impair these functions, and result in subclinical nutrient deficiencies.
Probiotic Capsules
Probiotics are gut bacteria in a capsule. Although effectiveness and specific dosages have not been proven, taking some form of probiotics appears to be a beneficial and safe option for most people. Species of bacteria commonly used to make probiotics include Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidus. These organisms are normally found in a healthy gut and can be destroyed by antibiotics. Some people may prefer to look for probiotics from food rather than taking a tablet.
Probiotics in Food
The process of culturing yogurt traditionally uses bacteria similar to those found in probiotic supplements. Yogurt labels may include "contains live and active cultures" as part of the nutrition facts. Usually the amount of probiotics in a serving of yogurt is not as great as the amount in supplements. Some processed foods may be fortified with additional probiotics for digestive benefits. Check the label to find out.
Eating soluble fiber from oats and fruit can also encourage growth of healthy gut bacteria because these micro-organisms feed off certain types of soluble fiber, called "prebiotics." Including prebiotics in the diet is a healthy way to support gut bacteria and probiotic supplementation.
Gut Complications
Sometimes, harmful bacteria take over the gut during the vulnerable period after antibiotic treatment. This condition, called pseudomembranous colitis, is a serious infection causing pain, fever and blood in the stool. This can result in the need for more antibiotics to resolve the condition. Another outcome of reduced gut bacteria is yeast overgrowth. For this reason, yeast infections are common after antibiotic treatment. Taking probiotics after antibiotic therapy may reduce your likelihood of these complications. Talk to your doctor to find out if and when you should start probiotics, and which types will work best for you.
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