The most common single cause of birth defects, Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs as a result of chromosome abnormalities. Most people are born with 46 chromosomes, receiving 23 from each parent. Babies with Down syndrome are born with 47 chromosomes. They typically have characteristic physical features, but they may also have problems with some health conditions and are often developmentally delayed. Proper nutrition is important for babies with Down syndrome to promote health, growth and development.
Gastrointestinal Issues
Babies born with Down syndrome are at increased risk of developing gastrointestinal issues, such as intestinal obstruction, Hirschsprung Disease, which causes difficulties with passing stool, and celiac disease. Babies born with gastrointestinal conditions related to Down syndrome might need special diets as part of treatment. For example, a baby with gastrointestinal problems may need to avoid foods that contain gluten, or he may need to eat smaller portions to avoid acid reflux.
Breastfeeding
Breast milk provides good nutrition for a baby with Down syndrome and may help to prevent some infections because of its immune properties. Breastfeeding an infant with Down syndrome may be challenging because of sleepiness and poor muscle tone often seen in these infants. You may need to practice some techniques to keep your baby alert, such as stroking his cheek to tell him it is time to eat. Some mothers use a breast pump to collect milk and keep it for supplemental feedings. You may also consider enlisting the help of a lactation consultant. Breast milk provides important nutrition for babies with Down syndrome in the first several months after birth.
Solid Foods
Babies with Down syndrome who start eating solid foods may have difficulty converting to new textures of table foods. According to the Down Syndrome Information Alliance, babies with Down syndrome may have decreased tone and poor control of their tongues and the muscles in the jaw. This can affect chewing and food may leak out. While this could lead to poor nutrition, parents can work their babies’ diets to ensure they are getting enough to eat. Starting out with strained foods may help rather than serving lumpy foods such as mashed potatoes. As your baby improves with eating table foods, you can begin to substitute thicker foods and those that are chewier.
What to Feed
Babies with Down syndrome can eat many of the same types of foods as children born without the disorder. The amount of food and the method of delivery may vary, depending on what your child is able to eat. Babies without gastrointestinal issues may begin on a regular schedule of feeding according to physician guidelines. Follow a healthy diet for your baby, to include formula or breast milk at birth, and as he gets older, include cereals, fruits, vegetables and lean meats.
