Soccer is essentially a series of satellite games that connect to form the larger, overall game. Each play involves a series of interactions that keeps the ball moving in either direction across the field. Players and coaches analyze these interactions using 10 principles of play. The principles consider the attack and defense teams' roles throughout the game, so players can improve tactical maneuvering and work together more closely.
Penetration and Delay
Penetration is the main tactical approach for an attacking team to move the ball across the field. The ball handler constantly seeks a path to continue the ball's progress to the opposite goal. If one isn't available, the next approach is to find someone to whom the player can kick the ball so that player can penetrate. The defense delays penetration with counterattack moves to regain control of the ball or by covering the goal as best possible.
Support and Depth
Support and depth are principles that involve the rest of the team in the ball's penetration and delay. As the ball moves across the field, other players support the penetrating player. Forward, back and side support players help protect the ball from counterattack and remain ready to take the ball if the first attacker requires it. The defense relies on the principle of depth by staying close to the delaying player and restricting space as much as possible to limit the ball's movement.
Width and Compaction
The attacking players prefer width across the field to keep the ball moving quickly and smoothly. They may accomplish this by playing wide, i.e., running out to the edges of the playing area, so that the defense also widens, making a path for the ball. Compaction is a defense tactic wherein players try to keep the attacking team in a narrower space, often concentrating on vulnerable areas as they appear.
Mobility and Balance
The attacking team develops its mobility or ability to maneuver quickly and adroitly during play. This mobility may include passing the ball to other players so they penetrate the defense or it may include swift kicks that confuse the defense and scatter them throughout the field. The defense balances these mobility attacks by working together to give the game and their defense shape. This can be a complex process for the defense, which must communicate quickly and clearly, often relying on body language and seamless tactical understanding.
Creativity and Discipline
The final principles bring a high level of excitement to soccer. The attacking team may need to perform creative maneuvers to continue penetrating the defense or maintain appropriate mobility. These moves might include high kicks, twists, turns and heel maneuvers. If the defense has stuck to the other principles of play, it must only exercise discipline during these antics and avoid playing into the aggression of the attack.
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