5 Things You Need to Know About Disc Replacement Surgery

1. Understand It Is One of the Newest Approaches to Degenerative Disc Surgery

Until the mid-2000s, disc replacements were not approved in the United States. However, the technology for the spacers used in disc replacement surgery has been around since the 1980s. The device consists of two plates that are joined by a rubber core. It fits between the vertebra in order to simulate the natural function of an intervetebral disc. The core provides a cushion which reduces impact and allows for movement between the bones.

2. Know They Go in Through the Front

In disc replacement surgery, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdominal wall and removes the damaged intervetebral disc from the front. While most spinal surgeries require the patient to be positioned face-down, disc replacement surgeries takes place with the patient lying on his or her back. As strange as this may seem for back surgery, it actually allows greater access to the damaged discs. After the old disc is removed and the area is cleaned, the prosthesis is inserted and mounted between the affected vertebrae. The irony of disc replacement surgery is that the patient's incision scar is on the belly, and not the back.

3. Unlike Spinal Fusions, It Allows Spinal Flexibility

The traditional approaches to degenerative disc surgery involve fusing together the affected levels of the spinal column, after which there is virtually no movement between the affected vertebrae. In other words, the individual would not be able to flex forward as efficiently, if at all, following surgery. Because the core of the artificial disc implant articulates with each plate, post-operative patients have more spinal mobility. They are able to bend forward, backward, and side to side much as they would with a healthy spinal column.

4. It Is Not an Option for Certain Individuals

People with spinal stability issues, such as osteoporosis or degeneration over many different spinal levels, are better suited for spinal fusions which limit range of motion between vertebrae. This is because artificial discs are not designed to increase stability in the spine: they are designed to allow motion. Also, those who are morbidly obese, have spinal tumors or congenital spinal abnormalities, or have autoimmune disorders are not good candidates for disc replacement surgery.

5. You Will Have Similar Post-Operative Restrictions as Other Spinal Surgeries

After disc replacement surgery, your surgeon will set limits on your movements and activities in order to allow the spine to heal completely and to avoid further injury. She may order a brace to be worn for stability, and may restrict the amount or weight you are able to lift for several weeks and/or months. Often, patients are referred to a physical therapist who will introduce movement and activity gradually and safety following surgery.