Massage takes many forms, each with slightly different aims and philosophies. Techniques such as Swedish massage, sports massage and deep tissue massage are types of western massage therapy. Shiatsu is a Japanese tradition of massage based on traditional Asian medicine. If you're interested in massage to alleviate a health concern, consult with your doctor for a referral to an appropriate and qualified practitioner.
Theory
Both shiatsu and western massage use touch for healing or relaxation. Shiatsu aims to improve the balanced flow of vital energy, or "qi," to restore health. A shiatsu therapist uses pressure on specific points on the body, which are located on energy pathways, or "meridiens." By stimulating these points, shiatsu is meant to clear blocked qi or to restore balance. Shiatsu is indicated for preventative use, to identify and clear up energetic blockages before they manifest in symptoms or more serious diseases. Western massage includes various methodologies, each with slightly different philosophies and aims. Generally, western massage focuses on muscle tissue instead of vital energy. Myofascial massage focuses on loosening "knots" in muscle tissue at certain trigger points. Swedish and sports massage techniques use long strokes and kneading and tapping movements.
Technique
Both shiatsu and western massage use a combination of manual techniques, which may include pressure, kneading, tapping and stretching. Practitioners typically use their hands but may also use their elbows or even their feet. In western massage, the client typically lies on a table, either in loose-fitting clothing or partially or fully undressed. If the patient is undressed, they are usually provided with a sheet to cover areas not being massaged. A western massage therapist may apply oils to the client's body as part of the massage. In shiatsu, no oils are used, and the client remains fully clothed.
Aims
Western massage therapy is typically used to reduce pain; rehabilitate injuries; relieve anxiety, depression or stress; and improve overall well-being. By contrast, shiatsu is aimed at restoring healthy qi flow, a holistic approach to healing any kind of disease. As shiatsu is based on a framework that greatly differs from the approach of western medical science, its effects are only partially understood and studied through scientific analysis. According to Ohio State University Medical Center, of 66 randomized clinical trials of shiatsu's effectiveness, most showed statistically significant results. Conditions that improved through shiatsu included lower back pain, depression, asthma, motion sickness, vomiting and cardiovascular and intestinal problems.
Accreditation and Licensure
In the United States, massage therapists must seek either certification or licensure at the state level. In some cases, practitioners are also subject to certification at the municipal or county level. Many states require that practitioners pass the exam administered by the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork, complete 500 hours of training and carry malpractice insurance. In addition to the general requirements on massage therapists, shiatsu practitioners may have passed the national certification for Asian Bodywork Therapy, which entitles them to a Diploma of Asian Bodywork Therapy.
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