Flaxseed and flaxseed oil contain high levels of alpha linolenic acid (ALA), a precursor to omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fats, especially from plant-based sources, such as flax, are known to reduce cancer rates and improve cardiovascular health. However, scientific evidence for the use of omega-3 flax with cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides is unclear, according to MedlinePlus. Flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplements do appear to be well-tolerated by most people with few reported side effects. Some side effects are serious and should be reported to your doctor or health care professional, especially allergic reactions.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Flaxseed oil may cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as bloating, diarrhea, stomach cramps or stomach upset. People with diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis should avoid flaxseed due to its laxative effects. Flaxseed oil or ground flaxseed should not be used if you have a bowel obstruction of any kind.
Estrogen-Like Effect
Women who take flaxseed daily may experience alterations in their menstrual periods due to its estrogen-like effect. Caution is also advised for women with hormonal sensitivities or who have conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis or cancer of the ovary, uterus or breast.
Blood Sugar Levels
Th omega-3 fatty acids in flaxseed and flaxseed oil may increase blood sugar levels. Diabetics should use caution when taking flaxseed as a dietary supplement.
Flaxseed Toxicity
According to MedlinePlus, raw flaxseed or flaxseed plant may increase blood levels of cyanide when taken in amounts exceeding recommended dosages. Dosages vary, but generally are 1 to 2 tbsp. or capsules daily, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Unripe flaxseed pods are also believed to be poisonous and should not be ingested. Do not apply flaxseed oil to cuts or open wounds.
Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy
Animal studies have shown possible harmful side effects of the use of flaxseed or flaxseed oil during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Flaxseed can stimulate hormonal changes and cause bleeding or other harmful effects during pregnancy.
Throat Obstruction
Taking ground flaxseed with insufficient water can cause your throat to swell and obstruct the throat or digestive tract. Drink at least 8 oz. of water per tbsp. of ground flaxseed.
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