ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), referred to as one of the most common childhood ailments by the National Institute of Mental Health, affects 7 percent of US children ages 3 to 17. Boys are twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD as girls are. In addition, children in fair or poor health are three times more likely to have ADHD than healthy children. Some of the symptoms of the disorder include inattention, difficulty in organizing activities, constant motion, fidgeting, non-stop talking, interrupting, becoming easily bored and not completing tasks. Treatment for ADHD generally includes a combination of medical, psychological, behavioral and educational interventions.
Medical
The two main categories of medication used to treat ADHD include stimulants and nonstimulants. Medication may be in the form of pills, liquid, capsules or skin patches. Some of the more common stimulant medications for treating ADHD include Ritalin, Adderall and Concerta. The CDC, Center for Disease Control, suggests that between 70 and 80 percent of children with ADHD respond positively to stimulant medications. A nonstimulant ADHD medication, approved in 2002, is Strattera.
ADHD may coexist with other conditions. A physician determines whether additional conditions exist and if they require treatment in addition to ADHD. Examples of co-occurring conditions include learning disabilities, anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, tic disorders, conduct disorders or oppositional defiant disorder.
Psychological
ADHD treatment generally includes psychological treatment including behavioral and social skills therapy. Children learn new coping methods for dealing with frustration and anger. In addition, they incorporate new social skills to improve their interactions with friends and peers.
Educational
ADHD causes difficulties in school including inattention, inability to complete tasks and difficulty following directions. Parents and schools should work together to create an environment that encourages success for children with ADHD. These include positive reinforcement for correct choices, multiple formats for providing directions, sensitivity to self-esteem issues and strong parent-teacher communication. In addition, the school counselor or psychologist might be involved.
Parent Training
An integral part of helping a child with ADHD to function fully, Parents often attend parenting classes targeting parents of children with ADHD. Strategies and techniques taught include the following: reducing distractions, limiting choices, assisting with organization, creating routines, implementing a reward system, disciplining with timeouts and removal of privileges and providing brief, verbal directions.
Community Support
Extended family, neighbors, coaches and others that interact with a child diagnosed with ADHD should be educated about ADHD. Offer guidance and tips to help them provide the type of communication and guidance to promote success for a child with ADHD.
