Sodium laureth sulfate is a synthetic compound found in many beauty and hygiene products. While it can be toxic in extremely large doses, sodium laureth sulfate is generally considered safe in the small amounts present in toothpaste and other cosmetics. Learning about the health effects of sodium laureth sulfate can help you assess the true risks associated with the compound.
Identification
Sodium laureth sulfate is a detergent found in some personal hygiene products. In toothpaste, it acts as a foaming and wetting agent, helping spread water over the teeth more evenly. Sodium laureth sulfate is also used in some shampoos, medical preparations and as a whipping agent in foods.
Health Risks/Toxicity
Sodium laureth sulfate is not dangerous in the small amounts used in cosmetics. According to the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, it does not interact with DNA and does not appear to have cancer-causing properties. While it is not believed to have serious health risks, sodium laureth sulfate can cause sensitivity reactions in people who are allergic to the compound. It may also cause minor irritation to the skin and eyes and has been linked to mouth ulcers in people prone to them.
Contamination
Much of the confusion over sodium laureth sulfate’s toxicity stems from findings that some of the products containing it were also contaminated with 1,4 dioxane. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1,4 dioxane is a probable human carcinogen. It also causes liver and kidney damage in rats upon long-term exposure. A study published in the May-June 2001 "Journal of AOAC International" found significant levels of 1,4 dioxane in a number of cosmetic products, including children’s shampoo.
Application
Since sodium laureth sulfate does not pose a significant health hazard in toothpaste, it is unnecessary to avoid it. If you are prone to mouth ulcers, you may want to limit your exposure by using toothpaste that does not contain it. Checking the ingredient label on toothpaste packages can help you identify which brands contain sodium laureth sulfate. If eye exposure occurs, rinse with cool running water. Follow directions for usage carefully and avoid swallowing large amounts of toothpaste, as it may contain other potentially toxic substances like fluoride.
References
- Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing: NICNAS Existing Chemicals Information Sheet: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide)
- Journal of AOAC International: Occurrence of 1,4-Dioxane in Cosmetic Raw Materials and Finished Cosmetic Products
- University of Mary Washington Student Health Center: Aphthous Ulcers
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