Corticosteroids are powerful drugs used to treat a variety of conditions ranging from rashes to asthma and lupus. They are especially useful for reducing inflammation. At the same time, you can experience side effects from corticosteroids that include blockage of important minerals and vitamins, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Basics
Corticosteroid drugs such as prednisone, cortisone and hydrocortisone cause your body to create hormones similar to those produced in your adrenal glands. Your body naturally produces cortisol, a hormone that plays a role in metabolism, stress response, your nervous and circulatory systems, your immune system and bone development. Corticosteroids, aimed at mimicking the natural hormone, typically are prescribed in doses higher than your body produces to reduce inflammation. They also suppress your immune system, blocking the antioxidants in valuable nutrients found in vitamins A and C.
Side Effects
A serious side effect of corticosteroids is a reduction in the development of calcium in your body. The drugs decrease the amount of calcium in your bones. In the short term, days or weeks, corticosteroids can cause fluid retention and increased pressure behind your eyes. Other common side effects when you first start taking the drugs include weight gain in the form of fat that tends to develop on your face and around your abdomen, mood swings and elevated blood pressure.
Consequences
Reduced calcium in your bones can lead to osteoporosis, characterized by brittle bones that break easily. Fluid build-up behind your eyes can lead to glaucoma or cataracts. With a repressed immune system, valuable antioxidants lose their effectiveness and can lead to an increased risk of developing infections. Your skin may become thin and bruise easily. Corticosteroid use also can lead to increased blood sugar levels, a serious complication for diabetics, and irregularities in your menstrual cycle and slow wound healing.
Prevention
You can reduce the effects of corticosteroid use by following your doctor's recommendations. Additional vitamin and calcium supplements may help to reduce the loss of the nutrients while you take the drugs. Report side effects immediately to your doctor, but don't stop taking the medication on your own because you can experience additional side effects from sudden withdrawal. While you are on the medication, your adrenal glands stop producing normal amounts of cortisol and take a while to resume production when you stop taking the medicine. Stopping suddenly can cause fatigue, lightheadedness and body aches.
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