Children with special needs require exercise just as much as other children, and exercise is particularly good for eliminating stress and emotional problems in these kids, according to the book "Steps to Independence." Physical and psychological impairments can make it difficult for special-needs children to get adequate exercise, especially if they don't have friends to play with. However, there are still several options that allow special-needs children to get adequate exercise. Before embarking on a fitness routine, consult your child's physician.
Children and Exercise
Excessive focus on weight, diet and exercise can create body-image problems, and children with special needs are already prone to self-esteem issues and bullying. The added stigma of feeling "fat" can be profoundly damaging to these children. Parents should focus on their child's health, rather than on maintaining a particular weight. In most cases, unstructured exercise from playgroups, running around in the backyard and playing with siblings is a healthy choice for all children, including those with special needs.
Physical Therapy
Many special-needs children must undergo physical and occupational therapy. This not only provides them with the skills they need but is also an opportunity for exercise. Carefully follow your child's physical therapy routine and strive to make it fun. Get the whole family involved in the routine, rather than isolating your child as the only one who must follow it. If your child doesn't enjoy physical therapy, offer rewards such as special outings, later bedtimes and small toys for successful P.T. sessions.
Cognitive Impairments
Children are far more likely to be physically active and get adequate exercise when they are involved with a peer group, according to the textbook "Child Psychology." Consider enrolling your child in a playgroup, encouraging playdates with friends or befriending other parents with special-needs children. Simple sports such as softball, kickball and volleyball are excellent opportunities for aerobic exercise, and even children with limited cognitive capacities can understand the basics of these sports. Focus on enjoying the game, rather than following the rules. When your child is away from her friends, try doing jumping jacks, playing hopscotch and going on scavenger hunts in the backyard. All of these activities provide plenty of exercise without making your child feel pressured to perform.
Mobility Impairments
Children with mobility impairments tend to feel more comfortable exercising when they're around other children like them. Try enrolling your child in a wheelchair racing group or wheelchair basketball team. Embark on a family fitness routine in which your child can participate. Rather than forcing your child to conform to the way a sport or game is usually played, get the rest of the family to work with her. Have your child pull her siblings in a wagon or help her pedal her bike while a family member holds the bike stable and her siblings bike with her.
References
- Child Psychology: Development in a Changing Society; Robin Harwood, et al.
- Steps to Independence: Teaching Everyday Skills to Children with Special Needs; Bruce L. Baker, et al.
- The Special Needs Parent Handbook; Jonathan L. Singer
