Lactic acid fermentation is defined as a biological process that converts sugars into energy as well as the byproduct lactate. After lactic acid is produced in the body, it helps to supply energy to tissues and muscles, helping you to maintain and generate energy during swimming and other cardiovascular exercises.
Process
The actual process of lactic acid fermentation occurs when glucose is broken down during exercise. While swimming, the energy you use to move your muscles and breathe helps to create adenosine triphosphate, referred to as ATP, which is responsible for the majority of chemical reactions in your body. Fermentation can only occur when no oxygen is present. Since lactic acid formation does not require oxygen, the fermentation process is quick, giving you a small boost in energy when you are exerting yourself over 50 percent of your full speed.
Misconception
Many athletes and individuals assume that soreness and muscle cramping are direct causes of lactic acid fermentation and build up in the body. Despite this misconception, the soreness and pain you feel after an intense exercise is actually the result of temporary muscle damage and tissue inflammation caused by an intense work out. With respect to muscle cramps, those are often the result of a combination of dehydration and overexcited muscle receptors that are not used to the degree or intensity of the swimming exercise you are engaging in.
Weight Loss
Lactic acid is produced as your body breaks down carbohydrates for energy. As you increase the intensity of your swimming workout, you will find that your fast-twitch muscles will be engaged in moving you at a higher speed. These muscles primarily rely on carbohydrates for energy. As a result, the production of lactic acid is actually a direct indicator that you are burning calories and carbohydrates while working out. This, paired with a healthy diet, can lead to weight loss.
Caution
Although lactic acid fermentation while swimming is a positive and physically natural process, it is important to use proper caution when swimming at high intensity levels for extended periods of time. Talk to your doctor to make sure you are healthy enough to engage in a regular swimming routine. In addition, always have a friend, lifeguard or supervisor watching you swim to minimize any chance of sustaining an injury or drowning while in the water.
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