Acne is a major skin crisis for many teens and some adults, causing embarrassing and painful blemishes on the skin. If cystic acne is left untreated, it can cause permanent scarring. To treat stubborn blemishes, oral medications may be useful. Isotretinoin, oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives may be used to effectively treat acne and reduce the occurrence of scars.
Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin is a highly effective oral acne medication, used to treat difficult acne that is unresponsive to alternative therapies. The medication is said to be a last-resort treatment, as it is associated with serious side effects. Isotretinoin is typically used for up to 20 weeks to clear acne, working to increase cell turnover, which results in excessive skin shedding and fewer clogged pores. Topical versions of the medicine, derived from vitamin A, work in similar ways and are typically the first option, though some individuals need a more aggressive approach, making isotretinoin a better fit. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, a single course of the medication is often all that is needed to clear acne for months or even years. Due to potential birth defects that may occur in the fetuses of pregnant women, two forms of birth control are required for women of childbearing age.
Oral Antibiotics
Antibiotics are a major component of modern medicine, helping rid the body of infection by killing harmful bacteria. Oral antibiotics are effective at clearing cystic acne because they destroy bacteria that clogs pores and causes blemishes. Common medications for acne include minocycline, doxycline, erythromycin and tetracycline. These medications can be used in conjunction with topical over-the-counter or prescription gels, creams and lotions. Typical dosages begin high and decrease when acne resolves, though bacteria may become resistant, requiring a new antibiotic.
Oral Contraceptives
Contraceptives are not always used for the sole purpose of preventing pregnancy, as they have been proven to treat acne in women by suppressing overactive sebaceous glands, according to the AAD. Unlike oral antibiotics and isotretinoin, which are taken for short periods, oral contraceptives can be used for long-term acne therapy, helping relieve chronic cystic acne. Not all women should use oral contraceptives, however. Women who smoke, have a blood clotting condition or are over the age 35 may not be suitable for these medications, as the risks of stroke are greater.
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