Diabetes is a complicated disease with numerous effects. Many of the untoward effects can be minimized or avoided through aggressive management of your condition. Carefully follow the instructions of your care provider regarding diet, medication, exercise, laboratory tests and appointments. Consult a dietitian for nutritional advice when needed, and take steps to keep your stress level under control.
Physical Effects
Diabetes causes hyperglycemia, which is also known as high blood sugar. If uncontrolled, it can lead to coma and death. High blood sugar causes damage to most organs of the body. Hyperglycemia can lead to kidney damage and subsequent renal failure. It can also cause diabetic retinopathy and blindness. People with diabetes are at increased risk of glaucoma and cataracts according to the American Optometric Association. Diabetes leads to increased problems with teeth and gums.
According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, 60 to 70 percent of people with diabetes have some sort of neuropathy. Put simply, diabetes damages the nerves of the body and may lead to numbness and tingling in the extremities, erectile dysfunction, muscle wasting, vomiting and faintness upon standing. The skin of people with diabetes is slow to heal, and they must be diligent with skin care, especially foot care. Poor management of the feet can lead to infection, gangrene and amputation.
People with diabetes frequently have heart disease, hypertension and high cholesterol. They are at increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Obesity is a common factor in all of these conditions.
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is a frequent effect of diabetes medications and can lead to unconsciousness and death.
Prior to diagnosis and treatment, physical effects of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination and weight loss. Many people have other serious effects before learning they have diabetes.
Mental Effects
Over time, diabetes can damage the brain, leading to memory problems. The Mayo Clinic states that people with diabetes are at an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive impairment is more common in persons with a long-term history of diabetes.
Diabetes can also cause stress and anxiety in vulnerable sufferers. This can occur upon first diagnosis or as the product of years of disease management. According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes places a person at increased risk of depression.
Social Effects
Trying to follow a diabetic diet can be trying in social situations. Family or friends may appear offended by the person who will not eat a piece of homemade pie or other dessert. It can be difficult to avoid overindulging in the presence of people who eat large quantities of food. This can be especially troublesome for children and teens. People with diabetes may have to refrain from some group activities due to the need to monitor or maintain their blood sugar, leading to stigmatization or group isolation.
