1. The Appendix Goes Pop
A burst appendix can occur when the organ becomes inflamed and eventually ruptures. Doctors are unsure exactly what causes the appendix to burst. However, the theory is that an obstruction in the appendix occurs. The blockage may be from stool. The appendix becomes so inflamed with pus that it ruptures, and the pus and infection spills into the abdominal cavity. A ruptured appendix can happen at any age but tends to occur most often in people between the ages of 10 and 30.
2. Recognize Symptoms Before the Burst
The best way to prevent a burst appendix is to spot symptoms of appendicitis early and have surgery to remove the appendix before it ruptures. Appendicitis symptoms include nausea, vomiting and pain in the abdomen. The pain may start near the belly button and move to the lower-right side of the abdomen. Pain is often worse when walking. Signs that the appendix may have burst include a high fever, fast heart rate and swollen abdomen.
3. Other Conditions to Rule Out
Symptoms of appendicitis mimic many other conditions, such an ectopic pregnancy in women and kidney stones. Several tests may be ordered to rule out other problems and confirm a diagnosis, including a blood test. Your doctor will look for an elevated white blood cell count, which could indicate a burst appendix. A urine test will rule out other conditions such as kidney stones. An abdominal CT scan can be performed to view the area and help confirm a diagnosis.
4. A Burst Appendix and Its Complications
When the appendix bursts, it spills bacteria into the abdominal cavity. An abscess can form, or peritonitis can develop. Peritonitis is an infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity. The infection, if not treated, can also spread into the bloodstream and lead to sepsis, which is the most serious complication of a burst appendix. Before the discovery of antibiotics, a burst appendix could be fatal. Although it is still considered a medical emergency, the mortality rate has drastically decreased. Most people receive treatment and recover completely.
5. Surgery, Drains and Drugs
If you have a burst appendix, surgery is needed to remove what's left of the appendix. Fortunately, the appendix serves no known purpose, and you can live just fine without one. During surgery, the abdominal cavity will also be cleaned out to remove as much infection as possible. Drains may be needed if an abscess has formed. They are inserted into the skin to help remove the bacteria and are usually needed for only a short time. Intravenous antibiotics are usually given to clear up the infection.
