Originating in Veracuz, Mexico, the April 2009 outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, also known as the swine flu, has grown into a global pandemic. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of December 5, 2009, swine flu activity is on the decline since peeking in October, 2009. While the reporting by the CDC seems positive, flu-related deaths have increased since April 2009. Being more informed of the swine flu outbreak can help in the prevention of the swine flu.
Features
The swine flu is a subtype strain of the influenza A virus. Labeled as the H1N1 virus by the CDC, the 2009 strain is sometimes called the swine flu. During the original testing, this particular viral strain was thought to have similar genes found in the influenza virus that North American pigs contract. However, further studies determined that the H1N1 flu contains genes found in flu viruses of European and Asian pigs along with bird genes and human genes.
Symptoms
The symptoms of the swine flu virus in people include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms usually subside within two weeks.
High Risk Groups
People that are more likely to get flu-related complications if they get sick from swine flu include children younger than the age of five (especially children under two); adults older than 65 years; pregnant women; and those with medical issues, including asthma, neurological and neurodevelopment conditions, heart disease, liver disorder, kidney disorder, endocrine disorder (diabetes) and weakened immune systems.
Diagnosis
The most common diagnostic test is called "rapid influenza diagnostic test" that a health care provider administers by using a swab to swipe the inside of the nose or the back of the throat. A rapid diagnostic test can provide results in 30 minutes or less.
Estimates of Cases
When the swine flu outbreak began in April 2009, the CDC began tracking and reporting the number of laboratory-confirmed 2009 H1N1 cases, hospitalizations and deaths as reported by states. These initial case counts (which were discontinued on July 24, 2009) are thought to represent an undercount. As of December 5, 2009 CDC reported a swine flu mid-range of 47 million cases; 213,000 hospitalizations; and 9,820 deaths.
Prevention and Treatment
Many steps can be taken to prevent swine flu including vaccination, covering your nose and mouth with tissue when sneezing or coughing, washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water, avoiding touching eyes and mouth, and staying informed. If you contract the swine flu, stay home for at least 24 hours or until your fever breaks. Your physician may prescribe antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir (trade name Tamiflu) or zanamivir (trade name Relenza). Those in the high risk category my need hospitalization for professional treatment.
