Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that involves impulsive or hyperactive behavior and inattention. ADHD is a chronic disorder, but medication can lessen its symptoms and improve concentration, lower hyperactivity and improve behavior. A variety of drugs can be used to treat ADHD, and it may take time to find the right drug or combination of drugs to get the desired effects.
Stimulants
According to the Mayo Clinic, stimulants are some of the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. These medications include methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), dextroamphetamine-amphetamine (Adderall) and dextroamphetamine (Dexadrine). Although the specific way they work is unknown, it is assumed that these drugs raise and stabilize neurotransmitters in the brain and help with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. There are short-acting and long-acting versions of these drugs. Side effects include loss of appetite, weight loss, irritability and insomnia.
Non-stimulants
Atomoxetine (Strattera) is a non-stimulant medication used to treat ADHD. This drug is given when a child doesn't respond to stimulant drugs, or if those drugs cause too many adverse side effects. Atomoxetine, in addition to reducing ADHD symptoms, may also reduce anxiety. This drug may cause nausea and have sedating effects.
Other Medications Used
Several other kinds of drugs are used to treat ADHD, including antidepressants and blood pressure drugs. Antidepressants, such as Wellbutrin, are used when an individual has a mood disorder as well as ADHD, or if there is no response to stimulant medication or atomoxetine. Blood pressure drugs that are used for ADHD are clonidine (Catapres) and guanfacine (Tenex). These drugs can reduce insomnia or other effects caused by stimulant medications, and can be used to lower aggression associated with ADHD.
