Radiation therapy is one mode of treatment for bladder cancer, and uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation can be given in two ways: external-beam radiation, where the radiation is aimed toward the cancerous area from a machine; and interstitial radiation, where radioactive pellets are placed directly into the cancer to treat it. According to the American Cancer Society, side effects of radiation for bladder cancer depend on the dose of the radiation, the area that is being treated and if chemotherapy is being given with the radiation.
Skin Changes
Radiation to the bladder can cause skin changes similar to that of a sunburn, and can range from slight redness to severe changes with blistering. Pubic hair may be lost. These changes typically resolve once radiation treatments have stopped.
Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Effects
Radiation to the bladder can cause irritation, leading to increased urinary frequency, burning or pain with urination, having blood in the urine and incontinence. The bowels may also become irritated, and patients may experience diarrhea, cramping in the abdomen and rectal pressure. Sexual difficulties associated with radiation for bladder cancer may include vaginal dryness or erectile dysfunction.
Fatigue
Radiation therapy can cause fatigue that is not like general fatigue. Cancer therapy-related fatigue does not get better with rest, and can interfere with daily activities. Fatigue related to radiation therapy can occur regardless of where the radiation is targeted, tends to get worse as treatment progresses and typically starts to get better several weeks after treatment ends.
Radiation Cystitis
Radiation cystitis occurs when radiation damages the lining of the bladder and causes inflammation of the tissues in the bladder, and can lead to long-term difficulties. Symptoms of this condition include blood in the urine, pain with urination, pelvic discomfort, fullness in the lower abdomen and a low-grade fever. Radiation cystitis may develop months or years after treatment has ended, and can be treated with medication and hydration, according to the Mayo Clinic.
