Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or CLL, is typically treated with chemotherapy, according to the American Cancer Society. Purine analogs and alkylating agents are the two main groups of drugs used to treat CLL, but other drugs may be used with these as well. Chemotherapy attacks fast-growing cells, including cancer cells and healthy cells, because it doesn't differentiate between the two. This causes side effects that can vary depending on the drug given, dosage and general health. Not everyone experiences all of the side effects, and they typically end once treatment is over.
Purine Analogs
Purine analogs are one of the main classes of chemotherapy drugs used to treat CLL, according to the American Cancer Society. Drugs in this class include fludarabine (Fludara), pentostatin (Nipent) and cladribine (2-CdA, Leustatin). Side effects of these drugs can include low white and red blood cell and platelet counts (which can lead to higher risk of infection, anemia and easy bruising/bleeding), fever, infection, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and cough. Peripheral neuropathy (numbness and tingling in hands and feet), diarrhea, changes in the way food tastes, shortness of breath and skin rashes are also possible.
Alkylating Agents
Chlorambucil (Leukeran) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) are alkylating chemotherapy drugs used to treat CLL. Side effects of these drugs can include low white and red blood cell and platelet counts, nausea and vomiting, skin rashes, skin or nail color changes, hair loss and loss of appetite. Diarrhea, blood in the urine and mouth sores are less common side effects. Fertility may be affected in men and women with the use of cyclophosphamide; talk to your doctor about the possible risks to your fertility with this drug.
Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Some side effects signal that medical attention is needed, and these include: fever of 100.5 F or higher; nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea that interferes with daily functioning (four to six times in a 24-hour period); bruising or bleeding that is unusual; tarry stools; fatigue that interferes with daily functioning; and mouth sores. These may be indications of infection, or that you need hydration or other medical interventions.
