Age spots (liver spots) are flat, gray, brown or black markings that typically develop on the face, hands, arms and shoulders. Age spots tend to appear most often in people over age 40, but younger people are not immune, according to the Mayo Clinic. Age spots are not serious and, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), no treatment is needed in most cases. However, they can be cosmetically displeasing. There are treatments available to diminish and eliminate their appearance.
Causes
The NIH says age spots are changes in skin color that can be due to aging, sun exposure or other sources of ultraviolet light such as tanning beds or tanning lights. The Mayo Clinic says age spots usually develop gradually over many years of repeated sun exposure. Genetics are also a factor in your skins susceptibility to age spots.
Topical Treatments
Many dermatologists think hydroquinone (bleaching) cream is the most effective topical treatment for age spots, according to Harvard Health Publications. Results are typically seen within four to six weeks.
Tretinon (Retin A) is another topical cream that gradually lightens age spots. Tretinoin was originally approved for the treatment of acne. Both topical treatments can cause temporary redness of the skin.
Laser Therapy
Laser therapy works by destroying the extra melanocytes that causes the dark pigment without damaging the skin's surface. Several sessions are usually required and the age spots will fade over a period of weeks or months. Side effects are minimal.
Freezing (Cryotherapy)
Cryotherapy consists of applying a freezing agent, such as liquid nitrogen, to age spots to eradicate the extra pigment. The Mayo Clinic says freezing is effective but there is a slight risk of discoloration or permanent scarring.
Dermabrasion
Dermabrasion uses a swiftly rotating brush that sands down the surface layer of your skin. It is replaced by a new layer of skin. Dermabrasion may cause temporary scabbing and redness.
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Chemical Peel
The Mayo Clinic says superficial and medium-strength chemical peels can fade age spots. A peel uses an acid, to burn the outer layer of the skin. New skin forms as your old skin sloughs off.
Prevention
The NIH says you can help prevent the formation of age spots by staying out of the sun during the midday hours when its rays are the strongest. Wear sunscreens with an SPF of no less than 30. Also, wear hats, long-sleeved shirts and pants to protect your skin from the sun.
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