Mineral makeup has taken over the cosmetic world, loved by women with sensitive skin and those seeking alternatives to chemical-laden beauty products. Advertisements for some mineral makeup lines point out that even though the makeup is in powder form, it's not technically a powder. Sales representatives claim that the makeup is made up of ground-up minerals, but most don't explain exactly what minerals the makeup contains. Many mineral makeup lines contain similar ingredients.
Mica
As the bulk of most mineral makeup formulations, mica is a mineral that gives mineral makeup its soft and luxurious feel. Mica can create different finishes from matte to shimmery, depending on the formulation. Mica does not provide any coverage, though. Other ingredients such as zinc and titanium dioxide are added for that purpose.
Bismuth Oxychloride
Bismuth oxychloride is used in some mineral makeup because it adds a creamy feel and a shimmery look when applied. It has a high shine because it is a form of metal, but it is for this reason that some women have a reaction to it. Sometimes when sweating, bismuth oxychloride can cause itching, so some mineral makeup companies refuse to use it. It does work great as filler, and it's an inexpensive product which helps the makeup adhere to the skin so makeup companies have to decide whether to use it.
Zinc Oxide
Zinc oxide is a mineral in a powder-like form that helps make mineral makeup opaque, especially in foundations and concealers. Zinc oxide also provides a natural sunscreen to the makeup. The concentration may be varied to achieve different levels of coverage and sunscreen protection.
Titanium Dioxide
As one of the main ingredients in mineral makeup, titanium dioxide also provides opacity and sun protection. It reflects light very well, smoothing the complexion and decreasing the appearance of lines and wrinkles. Titanium dioxide by itself is white and does not absorb into the skin, so it is good for those with skin sensitivity.
Iron Oxides
Pigmentation is added through the use of various iron oxides. Whether it's to achieve the various shades of foundation, or to create a rainbow of colors for eye shadows, iron oxides may be combined to form a variety of colors. Iron oxides must go through a purification process after being mined to eliminate toxins before they can be incorporated into mineral makeup.
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