Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is an exfoliant that is derived from sugar-containing fruits, according to the Mayo Clinic. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) says exfoliation (resurfacing) is one of the basic methods for improving skin and diminishing the signs of fine lines and wrinkles. As an exfoliant, alpha hydroxy works to slough off the upper layer of old, dead skin and encourage the growth of new, smoother skin smooth. Skin care products are also made from polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) and beta hydroxy acids (BHA).
Glycolic Acid
The UMMC says most alpha hydroxy acid products contain glycolic acid. The Mayo Clinic says glycolic acid is a natural acid found in sugar cane. When glycolic acid is applied to your skin it assists in the removal of dead skin cells and also works to unclog pores. Glycolic acid may also reduce the appearance of acne scars.
Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is found in milk and honey. In addition to being a powerful exfoliant, lactic acid also has substantial moisturizing effects, according to USANA Health Products.com.
Malic Acid
Malic acid is found in fruits and vegetables. Apple and pears in particular are high in this type of acid. According to Healthier Life.com, malic acid has a number of health-related benefits and is recognized for encouraging firmer and smoother skin.
Citric Acid
Citric acid is derived from citrus fruit such as oranges and lemons. According to Woodland Herb.com this natural preservative helps balance the pH of cosmetic products.
Tartaric acid
The UMMC says tartaric acid is a type of glycolic acid (fruit acid) derived from grapes. It is used as a treatment to improve both the texture and tone of skin.
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