5 Things You Need to Know About Contusions

1. Don't Let the Name Intimidate You

A contusion is just a fancy name for a bruise. It's an area under the skin where blood vessels have been injured or broken, sometimes leaving a black and blue mark where blood leaks out. Contusions are usually red when they first occur and change colors as they age, turning purple or blue within a couple of days after the initial injury, and then looking greenish-yellow as healing progresses. The signs of most bruises disappear in about three weeks at most.

2. Some People Bruise Easier Than Others

Any sharp blow to the body can cause a contusion. Being hit or falling are both common causes for bruising. If you compete in any contact sport, bruises are usually just part of the game. Older people are also more susceptible to bruising. As you age, your blood vessels lose strength and are more easily broken from a blow or for no apparent injury at all. People on medications that change blood-clotting abilities, like arthritis medicines, ibuprofen and aspirin, may be more likely to bruise. Those who suffer from diseases like hemophilia or cirrhosis are also more likely to bruise easily.

3. Going Below the Surface

Contusions occur in three types: subcutaneous, intramuscular and periosteal. The most common and least serious contusion is subcutaneous which occurs under the skin. These generally don't last long and aren't terribly painful. Intramuscular contusions are deeper bruises that damage blood vessels in the muscle. These are usually more painful. Periosteal contusions damage blood vessels and the cortex, or outer covering, of a bone and are just short of a fracture. It's the most painful type of contusion.

4. Don't Ignore the Pain

Most contusions don't require any treatment. If a bruise is particularly painful, you can apply ice for up to 20 minutes at a time to numb the area and relieve pain. You can also take anti-inflammatory medicines. If you have a more serious contusion, you should refrain from further activity and allow it to heal, applying ice and elevating the injury above heart level to reduce swelling. You may need to use crutches or a sling to protect the affected area.

5. Complications With Contusions

Severe intramuscular contusions can develop into conditions that are more serious. When fluids build up and cause extreme pressure inside a muscle, it can limit blood flow in the area. This condition, known as compartment syndrome, may require professional attention to drain the fluid from the area. Myositis Ossificans is the growth of bone within the muscle, a condition that can also occur with this type of bruising. Very severe contusions can cause you to go into shock and may even be a fracture to the bone. If you feel your bruise is a more serious injury, seek medical treatment.