Renal insufficiency, or renal artery disease, is poor functioning of the kidneys, usually caused by a reduction in blood flow. Proper kidney function is disturbed when the arteries in the kidneys become narrowed, decreasing the amount of blood flow to the kidneys. Individuals with renal insufficiency may experience mild side effects or none at all, while others may have side effects that impact their daily lives.
Early Side Effects
Early side effects of renal insufficiency may go unnoticed because they are so mild. Generally, early warning signs include constantly feeling ill and fatigued. You may have trouble doing everyday activities without feeling sick to your stomach or overly tired. You may also notice a change in your appetite, which could lead to weight loss.
Renal insufficiency can also cause itching of the skin, as well as headaches and hypertension (high blood pressure).
Later Side Effects
As kidney function declines dramatically, other side effects will present. Certain areas of the skin will begin to lighten or darken, and bruising can occur.
Renal failure can affect the brain and the nervous system, as well. You may become easily confused and have problems thinking or concentrating. Drowsiness is often common as is fatigue.
Sleep disturbances occur more frequently with progressive renal failure. These can be caused by restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea or insomnia.
Other Side Effects
Other side effects include bone, joint and muscle pain. The hands, feet or ankles may swell. In some cases, puffiness can be also seen around the eyes.
You might also be more prone to cardiovascular and pulmonary complications. Typically the heart and blood vessels are affected, resulting in congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure or stroke. Pulmonary complications such as fluid build-up around the lungs (pleural effusion) can develop, as well.
