1. Look for Sadness or Irritability
Depression is commonly thought to be characterized by sadness, but some cases can manifest in the form of irritability. Sadness, irritability, melancholy and chronic anxiety can be red flags for depression. If a person seems to be sad or irritable for most days of the week for more than 2 weeks at a time, the problem likely warrants professional attention.
2. Ask About Sleep Disturbances
Sleep is the primary barometer for mental health, which is why sleep disturbance is one of the primary symptoms associated with depression. Individuals suffering from depression may sleep more or less than usual if suffering from clinical depression. Some have difficulty falling asleep, have frequent awakenings, or experience early morning awakenings, while others sleep much more than usual.
3. Watch for Weight Changes
Changes in appetite or weight can be a sign of depression. Some people have a tendency to eat much more and gain weight when depressed, particularly in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Others lose their appetite altogether and drop weight quickly when depressed, which is commonly seen in geriatric depression. A drastic change in weight is not always a symptom of depression, but it often signals a need for further concern.
4. Notice Problems with Attention or Memory
One common sign of depression is difficulty with attention and memory. If it becomes difficult to finish reading an article or a chapter of a book without thinking about other things, then paying attention may be a problem. Consistent forgetfulness or "mental fogginess" can also be signs commonly associated with clinical depression. If you find yourself wandering around the house for the keys or arriving home from the grocery store without the needed items, forgetfulness may be a problem. Keep in mind that these cognitive symptoms can also be signs of other common problems like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dementia.
5. Check for Problems with Fatigue or Decreased Energy
Chronic feelings of tiredness, lethargy and fatigue can be serious signs of depression, although these are also symptoms of many medical problems. In this sleep deprived culture, most people feel tired on occasion and find relief in a cup of java or a nap. While a good night's sleep is usually the best cure for tiredness, fatigue that is chronic warrants further investigation to rule out depression or other serious medical problems.
