A low platelet count, also referred to as thrombocytopenia, is a condition where the blood has difficulty clotting properly because of a low number of platelets in it. Platelets are cells in blood that are responsible for sticking together and plugging holes in vessels, causing bleeding to stop. Several factors may cause thrombocytopenia, including medications and cancer. A low platelet count is usually an acute problem easily correctable by treating the underlying cause. Platelet transfusions might be necessary in cases of severe bleeding caused by low platelet counts. Knowing the symptoms of low platelets is important for proper treatment.
Bruising
The first sign of a low platelet count is abnormal bleeding. Bleeding may occur in several forms. The most common form that is easily recognized is an increase in bruises on the body. Large, deep purple bruises from small incidents may be a sign of a platelet problem. Bruising that occurs with minor bumps is another sign that the blood vessels are bleeding easier.
Petechiae
Petechiae is a condition where tiny red dots appear on the skin, similar to a rash. The small spots are areas of bleeding just under the top layer of skin. The most common area for petechiae to occur is on the lower extremities.
Bleeding from Nose and Gums
Unprovoked bleeding from the nose or gums is another symptom of a low platelet count. Simple activities, such as brushing teeth, may cause the gums to bleed. Dry air may increase bleeding from the nose.
Wound Bleeding
An increased amount of time needed for skin wounds and surgical incisions to heal is a major symptom of thrombocytopenia. Increased bleeding during medical procedures may be severe enough to prompt a platelet transfusion. An increase in menstrual flow may occur for women suffering from a low platelet count.
Blood in Body Fluids
With low platelets, blood may appear in urine, stool or vomit. Depending on the amount, blood in urine may appear pink, red, brown or tea-colored. Bloody stool appears black and sticky and resembles tar. Blood in vomit resembles coffee grounds.
