Bipolar disorder type II is the second form of bipolar disorder, which the University of Maryland Medical Center defines as having mainly depression symptoms with a lesser form of mania, also known as hypomania. Since hypomania can be hard to differentiate from normal behavior, patients with bipolar disorder type II can appear to have only major depression. Compared to type I, type II patients have shorter periods of normal mood and behavior.
Major Depression
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the depression symptoms of bipolar disorder type II resemble the symptoms of major depression. During the depressive stage, the patient feels worried and has a loss of interest in activities. Fatigue is also common, which can be linked to changes in sleep. The patient can also have decreases in appetite and weight. Irritability is another common symptom of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder type II. Cognitive functions are also affected, with problems in decision making, memory and concentration. The most severe symptoms are suicidal thoughts and attempts.
Hypomania
Since hypomania is not as severe as full-blown mania, the symptoms do not have as large an impact on the patient's life. Hypomania is characterized by inflated self-esteem, which is connected to increased sociability and talkativeness. The patients also have increased productivity, creativity and activity. Less sleep is needed, resulting in the patient participating in more work or activities; however, the patient is also easily distracted.
Increased Suicide Risk
The University of Maryland Medical Center states that another characteristic of bipolar disorder type II is increased suicide risk compared with type 1 patients. Since type II patients have more depression symptoms and a longer depressive phase, they are more likely to have suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Patients can decrease that risk by seeking proper treatment for their symptoms, such as psychotherapy and medication.
