Depression and anxiety are psychological disorders that affect a patient's emotions and ability to function in daily life. Medication is often prescribed to help manage symptoms; however, medication doesn't treat the cause of either disorder.
Medications for Depression
The Mayo Clinic says the first choices for depression medication are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine. Other options are tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine.
Medication for Anxiety Disorders
Besides SSRIs, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA) recommends benzodiazepines such as triazolam, antihistamines such as hydroxyzine, and beta blockers (atenolol) for anxiety disorders.
Side Effects
Melinda Smith, M.A., and Jeanne Segal, PhD, authors of the article "Anxiety Medication," say side effects of depression medications include nausea, sexual dysfunction, headaches and weight gain. Side effects of anxiety medications include drowsiness, confusion, nausea and dizziness.
Time Frame
The time it takes for these medications to work vary greatly. For example, benzodiazepines start working between 30 minutes and one hour; SSRIs take four to six weeks to take effect, according to Smith and Segal.
Warning
Smith and Segal warn that benzodiazepines can be addictive, as they act on the same receptor as alcohol: the GABA receptor.
