Acne is a skin condition that produces inflamed red pimples, whiteheads and blackheads.The National Institutes of Health (NIH) reports that acne develops when small holes on the surface of the skin (pores) become clogged. Acne treatments work by slowing oil production, fighting bacterial inflammation, accelerating the turnover of skin cells and/or decreasing inflammation, according to the Mayo Clinic. There are a number of over-the-counter (non-prescription) topical treatments that may help diminish mild to moderate acne. The Mayo Clinic says these medications may cause temporary side effects, including dryness and flaking of the skin.
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid can be found in many over-the-counter acne products, including lotions, creams and pads. Salicylic acid helps prevent acne by unclogging pores and slowing the shedding of skin cells, according to Skin Physicians. The Mayo Clinic says this ingredient may also help clear whiteheads (clogged pores that have no opening) as well as blackheads (pores that are open and have a dark surface).
Benzoyl Peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide may be the most effective active ingredient in non-prescription acne products according to the Mayo Clinic. Benzoyl peroxide treats acne by removing excess oils from the skin and encouraging the shedding of dead skin cells that clog pores.
Resorcinol and Sulfur
Experts at Skin Physicians say that sulfur is an ingredient in a number of over-the-counter acne medications. It is often used together with resorcinol. According to the Acne site, resorcinol helps soften and loosen rough, hard skin. In addition to treating pimples, resorcinol and sulfur may effectively breakdown blackheads and whiteheads.
Alcohol and Acetone
Alcohol and acetone are often contained in cleansers for acne prone skin and astringents to remove oils and dirt. These ingredients are sometimes combined in non-prescription acne medications. Acetone acts as a degreasing agent and alcohol has mild antimicrobial (disinfectant that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria) effects.
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