Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to help kill cancer cells, and a drug called interleukin-2, or IL-2, is one of these drugs. IL-2, typically used to treat cancers such as skin melanomas and kidney cancer, is being studied to see if it is effective in treating other cancers. It may also be given to help boost the immune system. As with most medications, side effects may occur. Side effects vary among individuals and can depend on the dosage given, the regimen of medication and the type of cancer. Not everyone experiences every side effect, and many are manageable during treatment and subside once treatment has ended.
What is Interleukin-2?
IL-2 is a type of immunotherapy, or medication that helps boost the body's immune system in order to fight cancer more effectively. According to the American Cancer Society, IL-2 stimulates the production of certain immune system cells, helps improve effectiveness of immune system cells and causes cells to make more cytokines (proteins that are part of the immune system).
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of IL-2 include low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, lowered urine output, facial flushing, flu-like symptoms, skin rashes and shortness of breath. Other symptoms can include liver problems, general pain, swelling of the face or legs, mouth sores, loss of appetite, fatigue and dizziness. IL-2 may also result in lowered white and red blood cell counts, which in turn can lead to an increased risk of infection and anemia and reactions at the injection site.
Serious Side Effects
Sometimes IL-2 can cause symptoms that require medical attention or advice, and it is strongly recommended that people who experience any of these call their health care provider. These side effects include wheezing and difficulty breathing; dizziness when changing position; rapid weight gain or sudden swelling; chest pain or irregular heartbeat; diarrhea, nausea or vomiting that interferes with daily activities (four to six episodes in 24 hours); persistent fever; tarry or bloody stools; and fatigue that interferes with the ability to perform daily activities.
