High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels help fight heart disease by carrying low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or bad, cholesterol out of the arteries and into the liver, where it can be removed from the body, according to the American Heart Association (AHA). This action is believed to help remove plaque buildup and blockages in the arteries that can lead to heart disease and heart attack, the AHA reports.
Washing Away
Lipoproteins are made of fat and protein and carry cholesterol and other fats to various parts of the body, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A certain amount of cholesterol is necessary for the building of cell membranes and some hormones, but too much LDL cholesterol can stick to the artery walls. HDL is called "good" cholesterol because of its action in washing away LDL cholesterol.
Protection against Heart Disease
A normal HDL level for men is between 40 and 50 milligrams per deciliter, or mg/dL. A normal reading for women is between 50 to 60 mg/dL. Anything below those readings puts a person at risk for heart disease. An HDL level of 60 mg/dL or higher is considered to be protective against heart attack and stroke, according to the AHA.
Higher Levels
Not only does a higher HDL level decrease your risk of heart attack, but it also protects the heart and blood vessels through anti-clotting, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Causes
Doctors have been paying more attention to higher HDL levels in recent years rather than focusing only on lowering a patient's LDL levels. Being overweight, lacking physical activity and smoking may contribute to low levels of HDL cholesterol. A healthy diet and getting at least 30 to 60 minutes of exercise most days of the week is recommended. Low HDL levels also may be caused by non-insulin-dependent diabetes and certain drugs that include anabolic steroids, progesterone, male sex hormones, beta blockers and corticosteroids, according to the NIH. Female sex hormones help raise HDL levels, which is why women usually have higher ranges of HDL.
Cholesterol Testing
You can determine your HDL levels with a blood test ordered by your doctor. You usually are told not to eat or drink anything for nine to 12 hours before the test. If your HDL cholesterol levels are too low, the doctor may recommended certain lifestyle changes, such as diet, exercise or giving up unhealthy practices to help boost those levels.
