Every year, more than 17 million American adults have an episode of clinical depression, making it one of the most common mental health issues in the United States. Depression, no matter what type, is a mood disorder that interrupts life and can cause problems at work, school, or with friends and family. Since the symptoms can look like physical illnesses, it is important to get an accurate diagnosis. There are several types of depression: major depression, dysthymic disorder and bipolar disorder.
Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder, or major depression, is a disorder that interferes with daily functioning. Symptoms of major depression can include feelings of hopelessness, persistent sad or "empty" feelings, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, loss of interest in activities that were once pleasurable, trouble concentrating, insomnia, irritability or restlessness, and thoughts of suicide. These symptoms are severe enough to disrupt your ability to work, sleep, eat or study, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health. Normal functioning is impossible during a major depressive episode, and although you may only have one episode, this is often a recurrent disorder. Major depression can be treated with psychotherapy or medication, although a combination is typically recommended.
Dysthymic Disorder
Dysthymic disorder is depression that is less severe than major depression, and lasts almost every day for at least two years. Daily functioning is typically not impaired, but feelings of low self-esteem, low energy, and sleep or appetite problems may be present. With dysthymic disorder, it is important to have a complete physical to make sure there is no underlying physical condition that may be causing the depression. Dysthymic disorder can be treated with psychotherapy and/or medication.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a chronic disorder that involves shifting moods of depression and mania that affect energy levels and the ability to perform daily activities. Symptoms of mania can include a period of feeling overly happy or outgoing, extreme irritability or agitation, sleeping very little, talking very fast and having racing thoughts and unrealistic ideas about one's abilities. Episodes of mania and depression alternate in bipolar disorder, but can be managed with medication.
