Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease in which the body's immune system destroys the protective sheath that covers the nerves, according to the Mayo Clinic. When this occurs, the communication between the brain and the rest of the body is interrupted. Over time, this will lead to the irreversible deterioration of the nerves. There is a wide variety of symptoms associated with MS, depending on the stage of the disease. Symptoms might come and go, even disappearing for several months before returning.
Unusual Sensations
Individuals with MS can experience numbness or weakness in one or more limbs, along with tingling or pain in many parts in the body. These symptoms typically occur on one side of the body all at once, says the Mayo Clinic, or they can impact just the bottom half of the body. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMM) says that individuals might notice intense heat or cold sensations on the skin, beginning at the end of the leg or arms and moving toward the core of the body. Electric-shock type flashes in the head might occur with movement, as well.
Vision Changes
The Mayo Clinic says that individuals can partially or completely lose vision in one eye at a time. Moving the eyes may be painful. Vision may be blurred or the individual may experience double vision.
Muscle Weakness and Spasms
Tremors, coordination problems or an unsteady gait can all be symptoms of MS. The Mayo Clinic reports several symptoms that may develop as MS progresses, including muscle stiffness, muscle spasms, paralysis of the legs and sometimes other parts of the body. The UMM cites decreased finger dexterity and muscle stiffness, especially in the legs, occurring in about 40 percent of MS patients during the initial onset of symptoms. This can make coordination and balance difficult to maintain and are only worsened by dizziness. The nerve damage can lead to epilepsy in some cases.
Bladder and Bowel Problems
The Mayo Clinic explains that bladder and bowel problems can occur with MS as the symptoms continue to worsen. Some patients have trouble controlling or emptying their bladder or bowels. The retention of urine can lead to urinary tract infections.
Fatigue and Depression
The UMM points out that fatigue is often the most common and debilitating symptom of MS. It is not uncommon for an individual to experience mental changes such as forgetfulness or trouble concentrating as a result of fatigue and other symptoms. Patients often suffer with depression while trying to deal with their issues. It is not uncommon for the patient to experience mood swings, trouble concentrating or trouble problem solving. The MS sufferer might likewise experience extreme mood swings that are uncontrollable.
Pain
The UMM reports that about two-thirds of patients have pain with MS, but 40 percent of patients are never pain-free. Some pain symptoms can be short-term while others are prolonged. As the patient ages and the disease progresses, powerful spasms and cramps, pressure pain, stiffened joints and the sensation of itching, burning or shooting pain can all increase.
Other Symptoms
About 70 percent of patients with MS experience sexual dysfunction, reports the UMM. This includes erectile dysfunction in men and trouble with vaginal lubrication in women. These issues can also be linked to urinary problems associated with MS. Other symptoms of MS include trouble chewing, swallowing, speaking clearly or having slurred speech.
