Barrett's esophagus is a condition that forms as the result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). GERD refers to a condition in which acid backs up from your stomach to your esophagus and throat. The acid coats your esophagus and changes the cells into a more hazardous form. According to the Mayo Clinic, symptoms of Barrett's esophagus include chest pain, frequent heartburn, melena (black stools) and hemoptysis (coughing up blood). There are specific treatments to manage Barrett's esophagus.
Medication
According to Johns Hopkins Pathology, over-the-counter or prescription medications can be used to treat Barrett's esophagus. For example, prescription-strength histamine receptor blockers such as cimetidine, famotidine and ranitidine stop histamine from binding to receptor sites. Your stomach cannot produce acid when histamine doesn't bind. Tums and over-the-counter antacid oral solutions can also neutralize stomach acid.
Esophageal Surgery
According to the Mayo Clinic, a surgeon may perform an esophagectomy, a procedure in which most of the esophagus is excised. He then stitches the remaining part of the esophagus to the stomach. A surgeon may use an endoscope (a tube that is placed down the throat) to cut and remove the superficial layer of damaged cells. Other options include photodynamic therapy and radiofrequency ablation. In photodynamic therapy, a surgeon also uses an endoscope but directs light to destroy the damaged cells. Before this, the patient receives an intravenous (through your vein) medication that makes esophageal cells extremely sensitive to light. Radiofrequency ablation involves inserting an electrode-filled balloon into the throat and burning the esophagus.
Nissen Fundoplication
According to Johns Hopkins Pathology, a surgeon can perform a Nissen fundoplication to prevent GERD. In this procedure, the doctor inserts special laparoscopic instruments into a small cut in the stomach. He wraps the fundus (upper part of your stomach) around the esophagus. This helps prevent acid reflux.
Other Methods
The Mayo Clinic says you must avoid eating foods such as chocolate, peppermint and fatty foods that may trigger GERD. Sleep with your head elevated, avoid smoking, eat smaller meals and avoid reclining at least three hours after eating. These methods can all prevent GERD and subsequently, Barrett's esophagus.
