Chemical peels reveal fresher, more youthful-looking skin underneath the topmost layer, the epidermis. During a procedure, mild chemicals are applied to the skin. Often a combination of chemicals is used as a means to penetrate the outer layers of skin, then reach deep into the layers of the dermis, which is beneath the epidermis.
How It Works
The face is first thoroughly cleansed to remove any makeup or oil that's on the skin. An initial chemical is applied, which removes the epidermis. Next, an additional chemical is applied, which will penetrate the dermal layer.
Glycolic Acid
Glycolic acid is a mild form of alpha hydroxy acid that is delivered in concentrations ranging from 20 percent to 70 percent. When applied to the epidermis, glycolic acid reacts with the skin, particularly with the lipids that bind dead skin cells to the living layers. Glycolic acid is typically the first acid applied to the face, because of its properties of dissolving the epidermis.
Thrichloracetic Acid
Thrichloracetic acid is considered a medium-strength acid peel that's stronger than a glycolic acid peel. This acid also is used for tattoo and wart removals; it is similar to liquid nitrogen. Once applied to the skin, the peel can take away deep wrinkles or even skin lesions. Unlike a glycolic acid peel, a thrichloracetic peel can make the skin appear as if it has an intense sunburn.
Salicylic Acid
A salicylic acid peel is a beta hydroxy acid peel that is colorless, odorless and transparent. It is delivered at levels of 20 percent to 30 percent. A salicylic acid peel is helpful for removing blackheads and whiteheads, diminishing fine lines, reducing blemishes and improving the overall appearance of the skin. While this is a milder form of peel, salicylic acid can cause redness and a scratchy feeling to the skin.
Phenol Peel
A phenol peel is the deepest form of chemical peel. It can work as deeply as a face lift and must be conducted under medical supervision, because the procedure requires general anesthesia. Recovery can take up to one month, because the peel exposes the deepest layers of tissue, which cannot be exposed to the sun. These peels tend to can cost thousands of dollars.
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