1. Know the Risk Factors for Placental Abruption
Placental abruption (abruptio placentae) is a pregnancy complication that occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall prior to delivery. The placenta can separate partially (partial placental abruption) or completely (complete or total placental abruption). If not treated immediately, the mother and the baby are at risk. Certain aspects of a woman's medical history or lifestyle can make her more likely to experience abruption of the placenta during her pregnancy. Some of these risk factors include high blood pressure, placental abruption in a previous pregnancy, blood clotting disorders, advanced maternal age, drug or cigarette use and abdominal injury. If a woman has any of these risk factors, especially when combined with the physical symptoms of placental abruption, she should talk to her doctor.
2. Watch for Symptoms
It is important to know the symptoms of placenta abruption because immediate treatment of placenta abruption is necessary for the health of both the baby and the mother. Most women with placental abruption experience vaginal bleeding. This bleeding can be heavy; however, some women will have no bleeding at all. Stomach and back pain can also accompany placental abruption. In many cases, the pain starts rather suddenly. Some women with abruption of the placenta also experience contractions of the uterus. In some cases, these contractions are strong and very rapid. If a woman notices any of these symptoms during her pregnancy, especially after 20 weeks, immediate medical attention is required, and a doctor may diagnose placental abruption.
3. Undergo a Physical Examination
If a pregnant woman or a doctor suspects placental abruption, the doctor will perform a physical examination. She will feel the woman's uterus to check for tenderness or contractions. The doctor may also perform an ultrasound of the woman's uterus. This can allow the doctor to observe the placenta and determine its position relative to the uterine wall. Ultrasound can allow the doctor to determine the source of any bleeding. In some cases, a doctor may perform blood work to help determine the cause of vaginal bleeding.
4. Examine the Placenta After Delivery
After a woman has delivered her baby, a doctor can definitively diagnose the abruption of the placenta. If the doctor sees a blood clot associated with or attached to the placenta, she will make the diagnosis of placental abruption.
