1. Filter It
Walter filters come in a variety of sizes and prices; however, most wilderness supply stores will offer you an incredible array of filter options for you to purify water while backpacking. Quality water filters will remove small particles as well as pathogens, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasites, but they will not protect you from viruses or water-born diseases. Luckily, in the United States, these contaminants in water, even in the wilderness, are rare. The most convenient purifiers are made from plastic, making them extremely light-weight and portable, but metal filters are far more durable. When choosing a filter, make sure that it is made to remove particles .2 microns and larger and always cary an extra filter.
2. The Power of Light
Water purifiers which use ultraviolet light are a great way to sterilize water, and can be used alone or in addition to your water filter as they kill parasites, viruses and bacteria which filters alone do not. As a matter of fact, you can use a simple piece of cheesecloth as your filter and then use your UV purifier to ensure clean drinking water. UV water purifiers are generally very small and easy to pack in your backpack, making them a convenient way to clean water while camping or hiking, but be sure to take along some extra batteries, particularly if backpacking in cold climates, as cold temperatures reduce the life of your batteries.
3. Tiny Tetraglycine Tablets
Water-purification tablets which contain the compound tetraglycine hydroperiodide are a common method of purifying water in the wilderness. These tables, also known as iodine tablets, release iodine into the water as they dissolve, killing bacteria, virusus and some parasites. While effective and lightweight, many people feel that the tablets make water taste foul, but you can purchase liquid solutions which are designed to neutralize the iodine taste. Packing a few tablets with your gear is easy, as they are small and weight next to nothing and they just might help you out in a bind.
4. Back to Basics
While the good old method of boiling water won't filter out any dirt or particles, it will kill off any water-borne pathogens, bacteria and viruses, including parasites. If necessary, you can run the water through a piece of cloth before boiling to remove any large debris. To sterilize water, bring it to a rolling boil and allow it to continue boiling for 5 minutes. Boiling is often considered a last resort for cleaning water while backpacking, as it takes fuel, time and some patience, but when necessary it is an effective method.
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