Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive tract and often affects the lower part of the small intestine. But the disorder can cause problems in any area of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammation and swelling can lead to pain and result in frequent diarrhea. It is an inflammatory bowel disease that is similar to irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis, which makes diagnosis difficult, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse.
Features
Crohn's is a chronic disease in which patients go through flare-ups and remissions, according to the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America. However, Crohn's patients can lead healthy and active lives through treatment. Treatment for the complications and symptoms may include medication, nutritional supplements or surgery.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms for many patients include abdominal pain and diarrhea. There may also be weight loss and rectal bleeding. More complications may follow. The frequent bleeding can lead to anemia. Fever may also accompany the symptoms along with skin problems and arthritis. Fatigue is a common complaint. Many of the symptoms and complications of Crohn's disease vary with people, and the problems can change over time.
Complications
Blockage of the intestine often occurs, leading to a thickening of the intestinal wall. This causes swelling and scar tissue that narrows the passage. The anus and rectum are usually involved, but sores and ulcers may result and affect surrounding areas. Because of the constant illnesses and complications from intestinal problems or diet, people with Crohn's disease often suffer from deficiencies of vitamins, proteins and calories. Other problems include inflammation of the mouth or eyes. There may be kidney stones, gallstones and other disorders that accompany the disease.
Common Types
There are several types of Crohn's disease, according to the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America. Ileocolitis is the most common form of the disease. It affects the colon and the lowest portion of small intestine, or ileum. Diarrhea, cramping or pain often occurs in the right lower area of middle of the abdomen. This is often followed by weight loss. Ileitis is similar to ileocolitis but also has symptoms of abnormal openings or inflammation in the right lower area of the abdomen.
Other Forms
Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease causes difficulties in the stomach and duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. There may be a loss of appetite accompanied by weight loss, nausea and vomiting. In jejunoileitis, there is inflammation in the upper half of the small intestine, or jejunum. Abdominal pain, which can be intense, and cramps often follow meals. Diarrhea is also a problem. A type called Crohn's colitis affects the colon only. The symptoms include diarrhea and rectal bleeding. There may also be abscess and ulcers around the anus. Skin lesions and joint pains are common with Crohn's colitis.
