Human skin relies on the proper function of certain glands, which produce substances that protect and moisturize its outer layer, known as the epidermis. These substances are created inside the skin and brought to the surface by way of specialized ducts, called pores. Pores, while very small, are an important part of skin and are essential for its continued health.
Physiology
Pores are tiny holes in the skin formed by keratinous skin cells in the first layer of the skin, called the epidermis. They fold down into the next layer, or dermis, forming a tiny tunnel. Skin cells within each pore continue to grow and shed, the same as the cells on the surface of the skin itself.
Types
Some pores contain hair follicles that produce a number of different types of hair shafts. Many of these pores also contain sebaceous oil glands. Other pores act as openings to the skin for sweat glands.
Location
Pores are located in the dermis and epidermis, the top two layers of the skin. They are distributed throughout the body. Pores that have sweat glands are concentrated on the palms, and soles of the feet, the forehead and underarms. Pores that have sebaceous glands are found in large numbers on the face, neck, scalp, upper back and chest.
Function
Pores provide a way for sebaceous glands and sweat glands to secrete oils and sweat onto the surface of the skin. Sebaceous oils, called sebum, waterproof and protect the skin and sweat allows for the release of waste products and natural cooling of the body through evaporation. Pores also allow hair follicles to grow.
Problems
When cells are shed excessively in the lining of a pore, they can combine with sebum and clog the pore. This is the beginning of acne. If oils continue to back up, the pores can appear enlarged. Continued oil buildup can eventually rupture the lining of the pore, producing either a whitehead, which forms under the epidermis or a blackhead, which protrudes from the pore itself. Infection can also occur, producing a pimple or, in severe cases, a boil.
Member Comments