Knee replacement surgery is a treatment option for those with a knee that has been severely damaged by arthritis or injury. This surgery is very successful and relatively safe. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), 90 percent of those who decide to get a knee replacement experience a significant reduction in symptoms. In addition, serious complications occur in fewer than 2 percent of patients. Although knee replacements are effective and safe, there are risks associated with this surgery.
Infection
Infection is the most serious risk associated with knee replacement surgery, according to the AAOS. Anytime the skin is broken, whether through injury or surgery, an infection is a risk. Look for swelling, excessive pain, redness, tenderness and drainage from the incision site. In addition, a knee infection can spread to the rest of the body and cause fever, chills and fatigue. Consult your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms of infection.
Blood Clots
According to a 2009 article in the New York Times, blood clots are a risk associated with knee replacement surgery. This occurs because the damage to blood vessels during the surgery can cause blood to clot in the large veins in the leg, also called deep vein thrombosis. This can result in pain, redness and swelling in the area of the clot. Blood clots in the leg are medical emergencies because they can travel to the lungs and cause difficulty breathing. If you suspect you have a blood clot, alert your doctor immediately.
Scarring of the Joint
The AAOS says that scarring of the knee joint is a risk associated with knee replacement surgery. This occurs because damage to the tissue surrounding the knee can cause it to become scarred and somewhat contracted. This results in a decrease in the range of motion, particularly if your range of motion was already limited, according to the AAOS. Be sure to fully comply with your orthopedic surgeons instructions to prevent excessive scarring from occurring.
