Salmonella is a bacteria that is transmitted through animal or human fecal contamination, according to the Mayo Clinic. Salmonella causes fever and diarrhea, usually within 72 hours after infection, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Infection is usually transmitted through contaminated water or food which isn't thoroughly cooked, according to the CDC. According to Health Canada, poor hygiene, pets and contaminated food surfaces also spread the disease.
Food Sources
The most common food sources for salmonella transmission are foods of animal origin, according to the CDC, but any food can be a source. Meat, poultry, eggs and milk are common sources of salmonella. Seafood may cause salmonella poisoning if it comes from contaminated water, and unwashed fruits and vegetables can also be a source. Salmonella can be killed if food is cooked to a temperature of 150 degrees F, according to the Texas Agricultural Extension Service; bacterial growth can be controlled by refrigeration at temperatures of 40 degrees F or less.
Improper Hand Washing
Salmonella bacteria can be transmitted to any food, even one that's been properly prepared, if a food handler doesn't practice good hygiene habits like properly washing hands after going to the bathroom or handling raw food. Touching something contaminated and then touching your mouth with your fingers can also cause the infection, according to the Mayo Clinic. Washing hands with soap and hot water will remove the bacteria.
Improperly Cleaned Food Prep Areas
If food prep areas aren't properly cleaned after being exposed to salmonella, or if utensils are contaminated and not cleaned well before being used on other foods, the bacteria can be passed to other foods, according to the Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Food prep areas should always be thoroughly cleaned with hot, soapy water, including utensil and sponges.
Pets
Pets can be a source of salmonella, particularly reptiles, snakes and turtles, according to the CDC, which also names chicks and birds as possible sources of salmonella. Thorough hand-washing after handling pets will prevent infection.
