Dementia is a decline in mental function that affects the ability to think, learn, remember and make good judgments that worsens slowly over a period of two to 10 years, according to the Merck Manual. Senile dementia affects 5 million people over age 65 and accounts for 50 percent of all admissions to nursing homes, according to Merck. Alzheimer's disease, which affects 5 to 8 percent of people over 65, is the most common form of senile dementia, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Memory Issues
Memory loss for recent events is one of the first signs of dementia, according to the Merck Manual. Memory issues can also be manifested as difficulty remembering words and forgetting to do normal activities, like paying bills or turning off appliances. Misplacing things, losing track of time or getting lost easily, even in areas the senior is familiar with, are also symptoms of dementia, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Eventually memory loss of events that happened only a few moments ago occurs, along with frequent repetition of questions and requests, and frustration with those who don't understand their concerns; family members may not be recognized at all in advanced disease.
Behavioral Issues
Changes in behavior are common in dementia. These include behaving inappropriately, becoming easily frustrated and angry, and misinterpreting the behavior of others, according to the Merck Manual. Loss of social skills, flat affect, poor judgment, depression, agitation, or even violent behavior can occur, according to the NIH. Poor judgment can lead to financial decisions that result in the loss of large sums of money and possibly putting themselves in dangerous situations. Usual personality traits tend to become exaggerated, according to Merck.
Daily Activities Issues
This may start with problems remembering to do simple tasks, such as the rules to games they may have enjoyed playing and difficulty driving. Eventually getting dressed, taking care of the house and hygiene become difficult, according to the Merck Manual. Sleep difficulties are common. Advanced dementia interferes with muscle control, so people with advanced dementia can't walk, get out of bed or feed themselves.
